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NET I.(ad*)eq.ps-vps(1-4).c, (large) FeMn nodules / (large) Augite reddish to brownish or almost black firing clay with a slight predominance of ferro-magnesian nodules and augite, regularly also of quartz and feldspars 12th century BC |
fresh cross section and FABRIC DESCRIPTION
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FABRIC DESCRIPTION
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NETTUNO fabric 2 NET I.(ad*)eq.ps-vps(1-4).c, (large) FeMn nodules/(large) Augite Description on basis of macroscopical observation up to x30 (see image of fresh cross section above and table below) The fabric is reddish to brownish and occasionally fired to almost black. The predominant Munsell colour is 2.5 YR 3/3-4/6 (dusky - dark red). The impression by naked eye of a low percentage of poorly to very poorly sorted inclusions is confirmed under the microscope, the total volume being between 5 and 10%. Black Augite and rust brown coloured Ferro-Manganese nodules and occasionally Quartz, Feldspars and Flint occur. Most of the sherds have a slight predominance of Augite and Ferro-Manganese nodules, other also of Quartz and Feldspars. The particles are rounded to angular. The structure of the fresh cross-section is extremely variable: from smooth to hackly. Under the microscope the fracture appear hackly due to the combination of a dense clay matrix and a low percentage of relatively coarse inclusions. Like fabric 1, also this paste seems to have been hardly processed before the clay was used to shape the vessel. The variety in hardness noticed in fabric 1 is not detected in this fabric; all sherds fall within the average range of Mohs scale hardness 2-3. This fabric shares characteristics with number 1 NET I.=.ws*(1-4*).d, (large) FeMn nodules / (large) Augite / (hardness +) and number 3 NET I/(II).AD*.ms(-ps)(2-4).b, ((large) FeMn nodules), ((large) Augite), ((large) Flint.
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In general the fabric gives the impression of a low percentage of inclusions with a substantial variety in size. Very poorly sorted brownish black Ferro-Manganese nodules with inclusions (up to 0,5 cm) can be detected (also visible by naked eye), and to a lesser extent Augite fragments (up to 1400 = 0,14 cm.) can be seen. The Ferro-Manganese nodules are rounded, while the tiny Ferro-Manganese stains, also present in the clay matrix, are rounded to sub-angular. The Augite is rounded to angular, but rarely euhedral. Ferro-Manganese nodules and Augite are predominantly present. Furthermore some small Quartz and Feldspar are detectable (<355 μm = < 0,0355 cm.). The clay matrix is somewhat micaceous with clay pellets varying in orientation. Very small to large shrinkage fissures run more or less parallel with the shape of the section. Towards the centre of the section, these fissures tend to have a more random orientation. The sorting, variety in fissures and variety in orientation of clay pellets indicate modelling by hand only. A second thin-section shows a
zone with changing clay colour and increase of small inclusions just below
the surface. This zone is located at the interior side of the object.
There is however no clear transition in density or structure between the
two areas, nor are shrinkage fissures present. It seems as if a purified
or purified/fine tempered paste has been applied to finish the surface
(plate 2.4). Although it appears that the interior was treated with
special attention, this surface treatment can not be described as a
veritable slip. table 9.2 properties
of NETTUNO fabric 2 in
thin section
(x: absent / p: present) |
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fabric |
2 |
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volume of inclusions |
5-10% |
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sorting |
ps-vps |
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particle size |
<90 - >2000 |
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quartz |
p-1% |
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feldspar |
p-1% |
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flint |
p |
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augite |
2-3% |
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olivine |
x |
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mica |
x |
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garnet |
p |
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FeMn-nodules |
3-5% |
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plate 2.4 microscopic appearance in thin-section under plain polarized light (ppl) / field of view: 0,25 x 0,38 cm.
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plate 2.5 microscopic appearance in thin-section under crossed polarizors (cp) / field of view: 0,25 x 0,38 cm.
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ASSOCIATED POTTERY
(the drawings are not represented on an identical scale,
for
the exact dimensions please look at the description)
Class
I STORAGE JARS/Pentole
type I.2
Class
I STORAGE JARS/Pentole
type I.3
Class
I STORAGE JARS/Pentole
miscellaneous
CLASS II JARS/OLLE/VASE
type II.1
CLASS II JARS/OLLE/VASE
type II.3
CLASS II JARS/OLLE/VASE
miscellaneous
CLASS III BOWLS/SCODELLE/CIOTOLE
type III.1
CLASS III BOWL/LID/SCODELLA
miscellaneous
Class
IV LARGE BOWLS/SCODELLONI
Class
V CUPS/Tazze/Coppe
Type V.1
Class
VII BASES
flat base, inside concave
Class
VII BASES concave
base, inside concave
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Class
I STORAGE JARS/Pentole |
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25. Storage jar with slightly flaring wall, outcurving rim, convex lip and with plain cord decoration, rounded in section just below the rim. Common red impasto Inside : 2.5YR 4/4 (reddish brown) Cross section : 2.5YR 4/4 - 4/6 (reddish brown red) Outside : 2.5YR 4/4 - 4/6 (reddish brown red) 9.6 x 20.5 x 1.0 1.0 (lip) 1.9 (wall + cord). D.38 P13H7.4/1 belongs to same vessel. |
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29. Rimfragment of storage jar with incurving wall, outcurving rim and convex lip, slightly thickening on the outside. Common red impasto Inside : 5YR 5/2 (reddish grey) to 5YR 6/6 (reddish yellow) Cross section : 5YR 5/6 - 10YR 5/1 (sec. burned) Outside : 2.5YR 5/8 (red) to 2.5YR 4/0 (dark grey) 3.8 x 8.2 x 1.3/1.4 1.0 (lip). D. 39 Strong traces of secondary burning on the in- and outside.
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Class
I STORAGE JARS/Pentole |
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44. Rim- and wallfragment of storage jar with slightly flaring wall, straight rim and convex, slightly flattened lip. Common red impasto Inside : 5YR 4/6 (yellowish red) Cross section : 2.5YR 4/6 - 5YR 3/3 Outside : 2.5YR 4/8 (red) to 5YR 4/4 (reddish brown) 10.4 x 6.4 x 0.9/1.1 1.0 (lip). D. 36
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Class
I STORAGE JARS/Pentole |
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51. Rimfragment of storage jar with incurving wall, outcurving rim and convex lip, thickening on the outside. Common red impasto Inside : 7.5YR 4/6 (strong brown) to 2.5YR 4/6 (red) Cross section : 2.5YR 3/4 Outside : 2.5YR 4/4 (reddish brown) to 2.5YR 4/6 (red) 3.7 x 5.6 x 1.0 0.6 (lip). D. 35 Olle con accenno di colletto (o colletto breve) da verticale o leggermente svasato, labbro ingrossato, arrotondato o squadrato. |
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53. Fragment of a large jar with outturning rim and flattened slightly convex lip, somewhat thickening on the outside. Common red impasto with greyish-white discolourations Inside : 2.5YR 5/6 (red) Cross section : 5YR 5/8 - 10YR 2/1 Outside : 2.5YR 4/4 (reddish brown) 2.5YR 5/8 (red) 4.2 x 7.0 x 1.6 1.3 (lip). D. 32. Possibly rim of large biconical jar. Cfr.: Cassano et al., 1978: p. 231, no. 218. |
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55. Fragment of large jar with outcurving to outturning rim with flattened lip. Smooth common brown impasto Inside : 5YR 3/2 3/3 (dark reddish brown) Cross section : 5YR 4/3 (reddish brown) to 5YR 3/3 (dark reddish brown) Outside : 5YR 4/3 (reddish brown) to 5YR 3/3 (dark reddish brown) 6.3 x 13.5 x 1.6 1.0 (lip). D. 38 Cfr.: Cassano et al., 1978: p. 221, no. 483. |
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59. P13G1.2/2 Rim- and wallfragment with upright wall, straight rim and convex, somewhat flattened lip, thickening on the in- and outside. Common red impasto Inside : 5YR 3/3 (dark reddish brown) Cross section : 2.5YR 3/3 Outside : 2.5YR 4/8 (red) 2.8 x 4.9 x 1.05 1.5 (lip). D. 45 Cfr. No close parallel found but might be comparable to: Cassano et al., 1978: p. 252, no. 049.
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Class II JARS/Olle/Vase |
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61. Probably cylindro-ovoidal jar with slightly outcurving rim and convex lip. On transition body to rim, a horizontal cord decoration, rounded to triangular in section. Common red impasto Inside : 2.5YR 3/3 (dark reddish brown) to 2.5YR 4/4 (reddish brown) Cross section : 2.5YR 3/4 Outside : 10R 3/3 (dusky red) to 10R 4/6 (red) 8.9 x 6.2 x 0.8/1.1 0.7 (lip) 1.7 (wall + cord). D. 28 Almost pentole I.2. Stronger burnish on the in- than on the outside. |
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62. Jar with slightly outcurving rim and convex lip Common red impasto Inside : 5YR 4/4 (reddish brown) Cross section : 5YR 4/6 (reddish brown) Outside : 5YR 4/6 (reddish brown) 4 x 3.8 x 0.7 0,6 (lip). D. 17
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Class II
JARS/Olle/Vase |
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76. Rimfragment of jar with flaring wall, outcurving rim and pointed lip, thickening on the inside. Common brown impasto Inside : 7.5YR 4/4 (brown) Cross section : 10YR 6/2 Outside : 7.5YR 5/4 (brown) 2.6 x 3.5 x 0.9 1.2 (lip). D. 22
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Class II
Jars/olle/vase |
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80. Rim- and wallfragment of jar with spreading wall, straight rim and flattened lip, thickening on the outside. On transition rim to body, a cord decoration, rounded to square in section. Common red impasto Inside : 2.5YR 4/6 (red) Cross section : 2.5YR 3/4 Outside : 2.5YR 4/4 (reddish brown) 6.0 x 6.8 x 1.2 1.0 (lip) 1.8 (wall + cord). D. 28 Very irregularly made. |
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81. Common red impasto Rimfragment of a jar with slightly flaring wall, straight rim and flattened lip. On transition rim to body, a notched cord decoration. Inside : 5YR 4/1 (dark grey) to 5YR 4/4 (reddish brown) Cross section : 2.5YR 3/4 Outside : 5YR 4/4 (reddish brown) to 5YR 4/6 (red) 5.1 x 3.7 x 0.9/1.3 0.8 (lip) 1.7 (wall + cord). D. 23 Well burnished on the inside, more so than on the outside. |
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88. Jar with outcurving, almost outturning rim and convex lip with somewhat faceted edge. Common red impasto, burnished Inside : 5YR 4/3 4/4 (reddish brown) Cross section : 7.5 YR 4/3 Outside : 2.5YR 4/4 (reddish brown) 4.5 x 22.5 x 0.9 0.8 (lip). D. 30 Cfr.: Could be comparable to: Fratini, 1997a: Tav. XVI, no. 5. Belardelli, 2004: Tav. XI, no.1 |
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93. Rimfragment of jar with strongly outcurving shoulder, straight, vertical rim and flattened lip. Common red burnished impasto Inside : 2.5YR 4/6 (red) Cross section : 2.5YR 3/4 Outside : 2.5YR 4/6 (red) 3.7 x 4.0 x 1.6 1.5 (lip). D. 30 Well burnished. Olla a colletto breve verticale. Cfr.: More or less like: Belardelli, 2004: Tav. XLVI, no. 11. Fratini, 1997a: Tav. XVIII, no.8. The fragment from P13 appears to be more pronounced than the two sherds listed as parallels. |
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94. Rimfragment of jar/vaso with outturning rim and convex lip, somewhat angular on the inside. Common red impasto Inside : 2.5YR 4/4 3/4 (traces of burnish) - 5YR 5/4 (reddish brown to dark reddish brown) Cross section : 2.5YR 4/6 5YR 4/3 (red to reddish brown) Outside : 2.5YR 4/6 5YR 4/3 (red to reddish brown) 3.3 x 6.5 x 0.8 0.7 (lip). D. 40
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Class
III BOWLS/Scodelle/Ciotole |
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103. Carenated bowl with conical body, carenated shoulder, outcurving rim and convex lip. Smooth common brown impasto Inside : 7.5YR 4/4 (brown) Cross section : 7.5YR 3/4 (dark brown) Outside : 7.5YR 3/4 (dark brown) 5 x 4 x 0.9 0.6 (lip). D. 25
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CLASS III
BOWL/LID/SCODELLA |
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129. Wallfragment with carena of large jar/bowl (possibly scodella con orlo rientrante). Common red-brown impasto with traces of burnishing on in- and outside. Inside : 10YR 4/1 (dark grey) 10YR 5/6 (yellowish brown) Cross section : 2.5YR 3/4 - 10YR 2/1 (sec. burned) Outside : 2.5YR 4/4 (reddish brown) 5YR 4/1 (dark grey) 4.2 x 4.8 x 0.4/0.7 (wall). D. carena 30. Cfr.: Fratini, 1997b: Tipo 19, Tav. VIII, n.7
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Class
IV LARGE BOWLS/SCODELLONI
The following sherds are placed
under large bowl/lid. Difference between large bowl/lid and rim fragments of
storage jar Type I.1 is not always obvious.
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132. Rimfragment of bowl with spreading wall, straight rim and flattened lip, slightly thickening on the outside. Common red impasto Inside : 2.5YR 6/6 (light red) to 2.5YR 6/8 (light red) Cross section : 5YR 5/6 - 10YR 5/1 (c) (sec. burned) Outside : 2.5YR 5/8 (red) to 10R 3/3 (dusky red) 4.7 x 3.4 x 1.2 0.85 (lip). D. 37 Salt colours visible on the outside. |
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133. Rimfragment of large bowl with spreading wall, straight rim and flattened lip, slightly thickening on the outside. Common brown impasto Inside : 7.5YR 3/2 (dark brown) to 7.5YR 4/4 (brown) Cross section : 5YR 3/4 Outside : 7.5YR 4/3 (brown) to 7.5YR 4/4 (brown) 3.2 x 4.4 x 1.0/1.2 1.3/1.4 (lip). D. 40 |
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135. Rimfragment of large lid/bowl with straight rim and convex lip, slightly flattened on top. Common red impasto Inside : 2.5YR 4/2 4/3 (weak red to reddish brown) to 10YR 5/3 (brown) Cross section : 10YR 5/3 (brown) - 5YR 4/3 - 4/4 (reddish brown) Outside : 10R 4/3 4/4 (weak red) to 2.5Y 7.1 - 6.1 (light grey to grey) 4.4 x 5.5 x 1.2 1.1 (lip). D. 35 Salt-colours on in- and exterior.
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Class
V CUPS/Tazze/Coppe |
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138. Rimfragment of a cup with inturning wall, outcurving rim and convex lip. Fine red impasto, burnished on the in- and outside. Inside : 2.5YR 5/6 (red) Cross section : 2.5YR 4/6 Outside : 2.5YR 5/6 (red) 3.2 x 4.2 x 0.4/0.5 0.4/0.5 (lip). D. 18
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144. Flat base, inside concave with flaring wall of troncoconical storage jar. Common red impasto Inside : 10R 4/6 (red) Cross section : 2.5YR 4/6 Outside : 10R 5/6 (red) to 10R 4/6 (red) 5.2 x 12.1 x 5.5 x 1.5 x 2.3 (base). D. 18 P13B.S8/82, 83: wallfragment with cord decoration is probably part of the same vessel on account of identical fabric/ware characteristics. |
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146. Flat base, inside concave with flaring wall. Of storage jar Common red impasto Inside : 7.5YR 6/4 (light brown discolouration) - 10R5/6 (red) Cross section : 2.5YR 3/4 -4/6 (a.o. / part. sec. burned) Outside : 2.5YR 4/6 (red) 4.9 x 6.4 x 1.6 (base) 1.0 (wall). D. 20 |
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147. Flat base, inside concave with slight ridge on the edge and slightly flaring wall. Common red impasto
Inside : 2.5YR
5/4 (reddish brown).
Salt colours: 5YR8/2 (pinkish white) to 7.5YR6/4 (light
Cross section : 2.5YR 4/6 (a.o.) Outside : 2.5YR 4/8 (red) 4.6 x 8.5 x 2.2 (base) 1.6 (wall). D. 17
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149. Slightly concave base, inside concave with flaring wall. Of jar. Common red impasto Inside : 10R 4/6 (red) to 10R 5/6 (red) Cross section : 2.5YR 4/6 Outside : 10R 4/6 (red) to 10R 5/6 (red) 5.5 x 10.5 x 1.3 1.5 (base). D. 11 Almost complete base
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Class
VIII CORD DECORATIONS |
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157. Wallfragment of large jar with horizontal plain cord decoration and outturning rim Common red impasto Inside : 2.5YR 4/6 (red) Cross section : 2.5YR 4/6 - 10YR 3/4 (part. sec. burned) Outside : 5YR 4/6 (yellowish red) 11.3 x 8.6 x 1.4 2.0 (wall + cord). D. 31 (taken on the inside of outturning rim).
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172. Horizontal ring-handle of probably a carenated bowl. Perforated lug. Common red impasto Inside : 10R 4/8 (red) Cross section : 2.5YR 3/4 Outside : 10R 4/8 (red) 3.4 x 4.3 x 0.6/0.85 (wall). Interior diameter bowl approximately 25 cm. Handle: 2.2 x 4.4 x 1.0 |
